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Neurofeedback relies on 3 principles

HUMAN LEARNING PRINCIPLES

Neurofeedback leverages the brain’s natural ability to learn and adapt. By providing real-time feedback, it reinforces positive brainwave patterns, allowing the brain to improve its own functioning through practice and repetition.

SELF-REGULATION

Neurofeedback trains the brain to regulate itself more effectively. By recognizing and correcting imbalances, it enhances the brain’s capacity to manage emotions, focus, and general performance independently.

NEUROPLASTICITY

At the core of neurofeedback is neuroplasticity—the brain’s ability to reorganize and form new neural connections. Through consistent training, neurofeedback encourages lasting changes in brain structure and function, leading to improved mental and emotional well-being.

How Neurofeedback
Supports Mental Wellness

At NuVista, we specialize in Neurofeedback Therapy, an innovative approach designed to regulate mental wellness. Whether you’re struggling with anxiety, stress, or focus issues, our non-invasive, medication-free solutions can help you regain control of your mental health. If you’re also just looking to work on better regulating your mental wellness, neurofeedback would be beneficial.

Using advanced technology, neurofeedback provides real-time data about your brain activity, training it to self-regulate and function more efficiently. Our compassionate, highly-trained professionals work closely with each client to create personalized training plans. We understand that every individual is unique, which is why our approach is tailored to meet your specific mental health needs.

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Neurofeedback Training for Better Mental Health

Every brain functions differently. Neurofeedback training is a gentle, non-invasive approach that helps improve regulation and mental performance, and is often used to support:

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For ADHD

Neurofeedback for ADHD offers a personalized, drug-free approach to managing the condition, potentially leading to increased focus, better behaviour control, and supporting mental function.

For Anxiety

Neurofeedback for anxiety can promote calm and emotional regulation, helping individuals address their specific anxieties and get the most out of social interactions and daily life.

For Autism

Neurofeedback can be an effective tool for individuals with autism, supporting self-regulation, increasing focus, and alleviating anxiety in a gentle, non-invasive way.

For Concussion/Traumatic Brain Injury

Neurofeedback aids in the recovery process from concussions and TBIs by enhancing mental function and promoting emotional balance, all through a gentle, non-invasive approach.

For Depression

By using neurofeedback, individuals with depression can experience boosted emotional regulation and mental clarity, offering a safe and tailored approach to mental health that doesn’t rely on medication.

For Learning Disabilities

Neurofeedback is a powerful tool for those with learning disabilities, offering a safe and medication-free solution. It fosters better concentration, memory, and processing skills.

For PTSD

For individuals dealing with PTSD, neurofeedback offers a beacon of hope. It helps re-establish emotional stability and regulate anxiety by encouraging the brain’s self-regulating ability.

For Sleep

Neurofeedback trains the brain to achieve deeper, more restorative sleep patterns, helping individuals overcome insomnia and sleep disturbances.

For OCD

Through neurofeedback, individuals with OCD can gain better control over obsessive thoughts and compulsive behaviours, naturally promoting greater emotional equilibrium.

For Stress & Burnout

Neurofeedback offers a non-invasive solution to combat stress and burnout, helping restore mental energy, focus, and resilience in the face of overwhelming demands.

Who is it right for?

Neurofeedback can benefit people of all ages and lifestyles, whether you’re working to improve focus, manage stress, or support emotional and cognitive functioning.

Students

Working professionals

Athletes

STRESS MANAGEMENT

SLEEP ISSUES

Behavioural Concerns

Elderly

How NuVista’s Neurofeedback Approach Works

At NuVista, we make the neurofeedback experience supportive and individualized from the very beginning. Whether you’re new to brain training or have tried other methods in the past, our step-by-step process is designed to meet you where you are and help your brain function at its best.

Initial Brain Mapping (QEEG)

We start with a quantitative EEG to evaluate brainwave patterns and pinpoint imbalances. For children, we assess readiness beforehand to ensure the process feels comfortable.

Personalized Training Plan

Based on qEEG results, we create a custom training plan that aligns with your goals or your child’s neurological needs.

Non-Invasive Training Sessions

During each session, sensors are placed on your scalp to monitor brain activity while you watch visual or auditory feedback that guides your brain to more regulated patterns.

Ongoing Tracking And Adjustments

We monitor your progress and adjust your plan as needed. Our team offers ongoing support, answers questions, and helps you or your child grow at a comfortable pace.

Benefits of Neurofeedback

Neurofeedback, or EEG biofeedback, offers numerous benefits by improving mental health and performance. It works by providing real-time insights and training to help optimize brain function. Here are some of its key advantages:

Safe and Non-Invasive

Neurofeedback offers a safe, drug-free solution that gently trains your brain to function more effectively, without the need for invasive procedures or medications.

Personalized Training

Our neurofeedback therapy is fully customized to meet your unique needs, ensuring that every session is tailored to target your specific goals and optimize brain function.

Sustainable, Long-Lasting Results

With regular sessions, neurofeedback promotes lasting improvements in performance, emotional regulation, and overall mental well-being, offering benefits that continue long after treatment.

FAQ

Starting something new can bring questions. Here you’ll find simple explanations to help you understand how neurofeedback works and what your experience may look like.

Therapeutic approach & specialties

Our recommendations are informed by careful examination of the QEEG assessment, and our knowledge of the equipment and their benefits to certain brain patterns and goals. In rare circumstances, some systems may not be suited for some clients (for example, we don’t use neurostimulation with clients who regularly experience seizures). If you’re interested in a particular type of bio or neurofeedback, let your clinician know and they can help assess whether it’s right for you!

How long will results last?

This is unique to the individual and can be influenced by many factors. With consistent attendance to sessions, neurofeedback can have long-term effectiveness. Some clients complete maintenance sessions when active training has been discontinued. This could include periodic weeks of training sessions throughout their lifetime. It would not be possible to predict with accuracy the expected frequency and duration of such; however, neurofeedback is not meant to be done continuously for life.

What if I’m currently taking medication?

It is recommended that clients continue following the medical advice of their family doctor and/or other health professionals (e.g., psychiatrist, pediatrician etc.). Any changes to medication should always be made through a physician. Discussions surrounding changes in medication are beyond the scope of our practice. Clients should also be aware of the relationship between neurofeedback and medications. While many people undergo neurofeedback with the goal of reducing or eliminating the need for medications, we recommend that clients do not stop or alter their medications without consulting their physician. Please also know that neurofeedback could affect the body’s response to other medications that clients may be taking for conditions unrelated to the ones that they are addressing using neurofeedback. Should new symptoms appear to be developing, it is the client’s responsibility to keep us informed of them as well as to inform their physician. Please notify your clinician and technician if there are changes made to medications, as this may have an impact on data and/or training.

How long does it take to see changes?

This can vary. Some clients notice changes in the first few sessions while others take upwards of 10 sessions to begin noticing changes. If a client is responding to training, we expect small changes to emerge in the later sessions, although they may not be consistent yet. Typically, the changes will then enhance or grow further over time, becoming more noticeable and consistent. The changes can be significant or subtle depending on the client’s goals. It can help to monitor any changes to mood, sleep, attention, and energy in between sessions (and provide an update at the beginning of the next session if changes are noted). This is a learning process, so change can take time to build. Much like any therapeutic approach, we are unable to guarantee outcomes.

Are there side effects?

As with any treatment, it is important to understand the potential risks and benefits associated to make an informed choice. Your clinician will speak with you verbally about the risks and benefits associated with the specific bio or neurofeedback option recommended. Risks can include: temporary exacerbation of current symptoms, irritability, sleep difficulties, headaches, dizziness, mood changes, and/or fatigue. The nature of these side effects is individual and subjective. With certain modalities, such as neurostimulation, the experience of side effects may vary client to client. The slight or temporary exacerbation of symptoms is usually due to the ‘exertion’ that is new to the brain, similar to exercising a new muscle at the gym. If present, it usually dissipates over the first 2-3 sessions. Each time a client attends a session there is an opportunity to provide feedback. If a client notices changes that they are concerned about, it is important that they inform our team, and this can be reviewed. There are times when we may decide to make adjustments to a neurofeedback protocol.

Can other treatments be pursued while doing neurofeedback?

It depends on the kind of treatment. Neurofeedback works well in conjunction with psychotherapy, as neurofeedback works to support autonomic nervous system regulation while psychotherapy can provide skills and insight to help manage life challenges. We also often recommend for children with learning difficulties to simultaneously engage in tutoring while completing neurofeedback for the same reasons. When it comes to medical treatments, it is important that clients inform us of any changes so we can understand their data better. We encourage clients to minimize any potential changes in outside treatments so that we can accurately understand what is creating any changes in brainwaves and experiences. If clients intend to have simultaneous treatment, we advise that they do their best to discuss these with our team so we can help them navigate the best time to start neurofeedback training.

Can anyone try bio or neurofeedback?

To ensure the highest quality of care and for ethical reasons, it is imperative that we ensure clients are suitable for bio or neurofeedback. Some possible reasons why a client might not be eligible include certain medical conditions (e.g., poor thyroid function or metabolic issues, recent severe concussion or brain injuries, psychosis, active suicidal ideation, etc.). The willingness of clients to actively participate in the process is a critically significant factor in the success of neurofeedback. Clients who are resistant or oppositional to the training process may not be appropriate candidates for neurofeedback. Further, excessive consumption of alcohol and/or use/ dependence on recreational substance are likely to negatively affect the outcome of neurofeedback. It is highly recommended that clients refrain from excessive consumption of alcohol and/or drug use during the course of neurofeedback, including time between sessions. Clients should also be aware that dependence on alcohol and other drugs can reverse the benefits of neurofeedback training after completion of sessions. Some medications such as benzodiazepines may also negatively impact the success of neurofeedback. Please speak with your clinician for further information and to manage expectations for neurofeedback if these substances will continue to be used during the neurofeedback process.

What kind of training does the team undergo to provide these services?

Our clinicians are licensed therapists (Registered Psychologists, Psychotherapists, and Social Workers) who have also obtained their credential of BoardCertified Neurofeedback Clinician through the Biofeedback Certification International Alliance. Our clinicians also regularly consult with neurofeedback mentors and participate in ongoing learning to expand existing knowledge, provide ethical care, and receive specialized feedback related to individualized cases. Our technicians are trained in appropriate, ethical, and caring behavior with clients and are trained in how to correctly administer neurofeedback training. All of our technicians must participate in a screening process and receive comprehensive training. Our technicians follow a carefully outlined neurofeedback protocol which is determined by the client’s licensed clinician. At no time do technicians make protocol decisions without the supervision of a licensed clinician. Your neurofeedback training may be supported by a clinician and/or a technician. If you have questions or concerns about your neurofeedback training, your technician will act as a first point of contact and will pass these along to your clinician, or you may be in touch with your clinician directly. Our technicians are responsible for reporting via clinical notes and participation in regular supervision meetings.

Where can I find more research articles on bio and neurofeedback?

The International Society for Neuroregulation and Research (ISNR) has an extensive compilation of articles, indexed by presenting concern and neurofeedback type. From their website: The International Society for Neuroregulation & Research (formerly International Society for Neurofeedback & Research) is a membership organization that comprises people from many countries and various professional disciplines working on neurotherapy, neurofeedback training and neurofeedback research. ISNR supports education and excellence in the field of neurofeedback training and neurotherapy and seeks the validation and acceptance of this discipline by a broad spectrum of society. Both the society and its members gladly cooperate with other like-minded organizations and individuals.

How is progress measured?

Progress is measured in two ways. The first is client self-report. Successful neurofeedback training depends on feedback. Clients are encouraged to share updates, feedback, and changes at the beginning of each session. It is important that clients inform our team of any changes so we can monitor progress and make timely adjustments. The second measure of progress is EEG data. Updated QEEG maps allow us to quantify changes, and many of our systems collect, record, and monitor this data in each session. Review sessions are scheduled to collaboratively determine if a client is ready to taper off sessions, if any adjustments should be made to accommodate new goals, or if training will continue to further enhance and consolidate.

Key Research Studies and Findings

Neurofeedback is supported by decades of clinical research demonstrating measurable improvements in focus, mood, and cognitive performance.

ADHD

  • Alegria AA, Wulff M, Brinson H, Barker GJ, Norman LJ, Brandeis D, David AS, Taylor E, Giampietro V, Rubia K. Real-time fMRI neurofeedback in adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Hum Brain Mapp. 2017 Jun;38(6):3190-3209.
  • Alhambra, M. A., Fowler, T. P., & Alhambra, A. A. (1995). EEG biofeedback: A new treatment option for ADD/ADHD. Journal of Neurotherapy, 1(2), 39–43.
  • Arns, M., de Ridder, S., Strehl, U., Breteler, M., & Coenen, A. (2009). Efficacy of neurofeedback treatment in ADHD: The effects on attention, impulsivity and hyperactivity: A meta-analysis. Clinical EEG and Neuroscience, 40(3), 180–189.
  • Arns, M., Feddema, I., & Kenemans, J. (2014). Differential effects of Theta/Beta and SMR neurofeedback in ADHD on sleep onset latency. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 8:1019. doi:10.3389/fnhum.2014.01019
  • Beauregard, M., & Levesque, J. (2006). Functional magnetic resonance imaging investigation of the effects of neurofeedback training on the neural bases of selective attention and response inhibition in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Applied Psychophysiology & Biofeedback, 31(1), 3–20.
  • Tinius, T. P., & Tinius, K. A. (2001). Changes after EEG biofeedback and cognitive retraining in adults with mild traumatic brain injury and attention deficit disorder. Journal of Neurotherapy, 4(2), 27–44.
  • Xiong, Z., Shi, S., & Xu, H. (2005). A controlled study of the effectiveness of EEG biofeedback training on children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Huazhong University of Science & Technology, 25(3), 368–370.
  • Zilverstand A, Sorger B, Slaats-Willemse D, Kan CC, Goebel R, Buitelaar JK.
    fMRI Neurofeedback Training for Increasing Anterior Cingulate Cortex Activation in Adult Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. An Exploratory Randomized, Single-Blinded Study. PLoS One. 2017 Jan 26;12(1):e0170795. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0170795. eCollection 2017.

Anxiety

  • Banerjee, S., & Argáez, C. (2017, November 13). Neurofeedback and Biofeedback for mood and Anxiety Disorders: A Review of Clinical Effectiveness and Guidelines. NCBI Bookshelf.
  • Hammond, D. C. (2005). Neurofeedback with anxiety and affective disorders.
    Child & Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 14(1), 105–123.
  • Huang-Storms, L., Bodenhamer-Davis, E., Davis, R., & Dunn, J. (2006).
    QEEG-guided neurofeedback for children with histories of abuse and neglect: Neurodevelopmental rationale and pilot study. Journal of Neurotherapy, 10(4), 3–16.
  • Kerson, C., Sherman, R.A., Kozlowski, G.P. (2009). Alpha suppression and symmetry training for generalized anxiety symptoms. Journal of Neurotherapy, 13(3), 146–155.
  • Mennella R, Patron E, Palomba D. Frontal alpha asymmetry neurofeedback for the reduction of negative affect and anxiety. Behav Res Ther. 2017 May;92:32-40. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2017.02.002. Epub 2017 Feb 20.
  • White, E. K., Groeneveld, K. M., Tittle, R. K., Bolhuis, N. A., Martin, R. E., Royer, T. G., Fotuhi, M. (2017) Combined Neurofeedback and Hearth Rate Variability Training for Individuals with Symptoms of Anxiety and Depression: A Retrospective Study. NeuroRegulation 4(1) 37-55.

Autism

  • Coben, R. (2007). Connectivity-guided neurofeedback for autistic spectrum disorder. Biofeedback, 35(4), 131–135.
  • Coben, R., Shelin, L., Hudspeh, W. J., McKeon, K., & Ricca, R. (2014). Connectivity-Guided EEG Biofeedback for Autism Spectrum Disorder: Evidence of Neurophysiological Changes. Journal of NeuroRegulation, 1(2), 109–130.
  • Coben, R., & Myers, T. E. (2010). The relative efficacy of connectivity guided and symptom based EEG biofeedback for autistic disorders. Applied Psychophysiology & Biofeedback, 35(1), 13–23.
  • Coben, R., & Podolsky, I. (2007). Assessment-guided neurofeedback for autistic spectrum disorder. Journal of Neurotherapy, 11(1), 5–23.
  • Coben, R., Mohammad-Rezazadeh, I., Cannon, R. (2014). Using quantitative and analytic EEG methods in the understanding of connectivity in autism spectrum disorders: a theory of mixed over- and under-connectivity. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 8:45. doi:10.3389/fnhum.2014.00045.
  • Friedrich, E., Srinivasan, A., Lim, T., Suttie, N., Louchart, S., Pillen, S., Pineda, J. (2015). An effective neurofeedback intervention to improve social interactions in children with autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Autism & Developmental Disorders, 45(12), 4084–4100. doi:10.1007/s10803-015-2523-5
  • Goodman, M. S., Castro, N., Sloan, M., Sharma, R., Widdowson, M., Herrera, E., Pineda, J. A. (2018). A Neurovisceral Approach to Autism: Targeting Self-Regulation and Core Symptoms Using Neurofeedback and Biofeedback. NeuroRegulation 5(1), 9–29.
  • Jarusiewicz, B. (2002). Efficacy of neurofeedback for children in the autistic spectrum: A pilot study. Journal of Neurotherapy, 6(4), 39–49.
  • Kouijzer, M. E. U. J., de Moor, J. M. H., Gerrits, B. J. L., Buitelaar, J. K., & van Schie, H. T. (2009). Long-term effects of neurofeedback treatment in autism.
    Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 3(2), 496–501.
  • Pineda, J. A., Brang, D., Hecht, E., Edwards, L., Carey, S., Bacon, M., Futagaki, C., Suk, D., Tom, J., Birnbaum, C., Rork, A. (2008). Positive behavioral and electrophysiological changes following neurofeedback training in children with autism. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 2, 557–581.
  • Siehl, A. G., Fehmi, L. G., & Goldstein, D. M. (1995). Positive outcome with neurofeedback treatment of a case of mild autism. Journal of Neurotherapy, 1(1), 6064.
  • Sokhadze, E., El-Baz, A., Tasman, A., Sears, L., Wang, Y., Lamina, E., Casanova, M. (2014). Neuromodulation integrating rTMS and neurofeedback for the treatment of autism spectrum disorder: an exploratory study. Applied Psychophysiology & Biofeedback, 39(3-4), 237–257. doi:10.1007/s10484-014-9264-7
  • Steiner, N., Frenette, E., Hynes, C., Pisarik, E., Tomasetti, K., Perrin, E., Rene, K. (2014). A pilot feasibility study of neurofeedback for children with autism.
    Applied Psychophysiology & Biofeedback, 39(2), 99–107. doi:10.1007/s10484-014-9241-1
  • Wang, Y., Sokhadze, E. M., El-Baz, A. S., Li, X., Sears, L., Casanova, M. F., Tasman, A. (2015). Relative power of specific EEG bands and their ratios during neurofeedback training in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder.
    Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 9, 723.

Concussion/TBI

  • Bearden, T. S., Cassisi, J. E., & Pineda, M. (2003). Neurofeedback training for a patient with thalamic and cortical infarctions. Applied Psychophysiology & Biofeedback, 28(3), 241–253.
  • Bounias, M., Laibow, R. E., Stubblebine, A. N., Sandground, H., & Bonaly, A. (2002). EEG neurobiofeedback treatment of patients with brain injury Part 4: Duration of treatments as a function of both the initial load of clinical symptoms and the rate of rehabilitation. Journal of Neurotherapy, 6(1), 23–38.
  • Byers, A. (1995). Neurofeedback therapy for a mild head injury. Journal of Neurotherapy, 1(1), 22–37.
  • Cannon, K. B., Sherlin, L., & Lyle, R. R. (2010). Neurofeedback efficacy in the treatment of a 43-year-old female stroke victim: a case study. Journal of Neurotherapy, 14(2), 107–121.
  • Duff, J. (2004). The usefulness of quantitative EEG (QEEG) and neurotherapy in the assessment and treatment of post-concussion syndrome. Clinical EEG & Neuroscience, 35(4), 198–209.
  • Hammond, D. C. (2007). Can LENS neurofeedback treat anosmia resulting from a head injury? Journal of Neurotherapy, 11(1), 57–62.
  • Keller, I. (2001). Neurofeedback therapy of attention deficits in patients with traumatic brain injury. Journal of Neurotherapy, 5(1-2), 19–32.
  • Nelson, D., & Esty, M. (2012). Neurotherapy of traumatic brain injury/postconcussion symptoms in OEF/OIF veterans. The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 24(2), 237–240.
  • Rozelle, G. R., & Budzynski, T. H. (1995). Neurotherapy for stroke rehabilitation: A single case study. Biofeedback & Self-Regulation, 20(3), 211–228.
  • Schoenberger, N. E., Shiflett, S. C., Esty, M. L., Ochs, L., & Matheis, R. J. (2001). Flexyx neurotherapy system in the treatment of traumatic brain injury: An initial evaluation. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, 16(3), 260–274.
  • Thornton, K. (2002). The improvement/rehabilitation of auditory memory functioning with EEG biofeedback. Neurorehabilitation, 17(1), 69–81.
  • Tinius, T. P., & Tinius, K. A. (2001). Changes after EEG biofeedback and cognitive retraining in adults with mild traumatic brain injury and attention deficit disorder. Journal of Neurotherapy, 4(2), 27–44.
  • Wing, K. (2001). Effect of neurofeedback on motor recovery of a patient with brain injury: A case study and its implications for stroke rehabilitation. Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation, 8(3), 45–53.

Depression

  • Baehr, E., & Baehr, R. (1997). The use of brainwave biofeedback as an adjunctive therapeutic treatment for depression: Three case studies. Biofeedback, 25(1), 10–11.
  • Baehr, E., Miller, E., Rosenfeld, J. P., & Baehr, R. (2004). Changes in frontal brain asymmetry associated with premenstrual dysphoric disorder: A single case study. Journal of Neurotherapy, 8(1), 29–42.
  • Baehr, E., Rosenfeld, J. P., & Baehr, R. (1997). The clinical use of an alpha asymmetry protocol in the neurofeedback treatment of depression: Two case studies. Journal of Neurotherapy, 2(3), 10–23.
  • Baehr, E., Rosenfeld, J. P., & Baehr, R. (2001). Clinical use of an alpha asymmetry neurofeedback protocol in the treatment of mood disorders: Follow-up study one to five years post therapy. Journal of Neurotherapy, 4(4), 11–18.
  • Berg, K., Siever, D. (2009). A controlled comparison of audio-visual entrainment treatment for treating Seasonal Affective Disorder. Journal of Neurotherapy, 13(3), 166–175.
  • Bodurka, J. Randomized Clinical Trial of Real-Time fMRI Amygdala Neurofeedback for Major Depressive Disorder: Effects on Symptoms and Autobiographical Memory Recall. Am J Psychiatry. 2017 Aug 1;174(8):748–755. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2017.16060637. Epub 2017 Apr 14.
  • Cantor, D.S., Stevens, E. (2009). QEEG correlates of audio-visual entrainment treatment efficacy of refractory depression. Journal of Neurotherapy, 13(2), 100–108.
  • Cheon, E.J., Koo, B.H., Choi, J.H. (2016). The efficacy of neurofeedback in patients with major depressive disorder: an open labeled prospective study. Applied Psychophysiology & Biofeedback, 41(1), 103–110. doi: 10.1007/s10484-015-9315-8
  • Kumano, H., Horie, H., Shidara, T., Kuboki, T. et al. (1996). Treatment of a depressive disorder patient with EEG-driven photic stimulation. Biofeedback & Self-Regulation, 21(4), 323–334.
  • Putman, J. A., (2002). EEG biofeedback on a female stroke patient with depression: A case study. Journal of Neurotherapy, 5(3), 27–38.
  • Raymond, J., Varney, C., Parkinson, L. A., & Gruzelier, J. H. (2005). The effects of alpha/theta neurofeedback on personality and mood. Cognitive Brain Research, 23, 287–292.
  • Rosenfeld, J. P. (2000). An EEG biofeedback protocol for affective disorders. Clinical Electroencephalography, 31(1), 7–12.
  • Saxby, E., & Peniston, E. G. (1995). Alpha-theta brainwave neurofeedback training: an effective treatment for male and female alcoholics with depressive symptoms. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 51, 685–693.
  • Wang, S.-Y., Lin, I.-M., Peper, E., Chen, Y.-T., Yeh, Y.-C., … Chu, C.-C. (2016). The efficacy of neurofeedback among patients with major depressive disorder: Preliminary study. NeuroRegulation, 3(3), 127–134.

Learning Disabilities

  • Breteler, M. H. M., Arns, M., Peters, S., Giepmans, I., & Verhoeven, L. (2010). Improvements in spelling after QEEG-based neurofeedback in dyslexia: A randomized controlled treatment study. Applied Psychophysiology & Biofeedback, 35(1), 5–11.
  • Cunningham, M., & Murphy, P. (1981). The effects of bilateral EEG biofeedback on verbal, visuospatial and creative skills in LD male adolescents. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 14(4), 204–208.
  • Hong, C., Lee, I. (2012). Effects of neurofeedback training on attention in children with intellectual disability. Journal of Neurotherapy.
  • Linden, M., Habib, T., & Radojevic, V. (1996). A controlled study of the effects of EEG biofeedback on cognition and behavior of children with attention deficit disorder and learning disabilities. Biofeedback & Self-Regulation, 21(1), 35–49.
  • Tansey, M. A. (1991). Wechsler (WISC-R) changes following treatment of learning disabilities via EEG biofeedback in a private practice setting. Australian Journal of Psychology, 43, 147–153.
  • Thornton, K. E., & Carmody, D. P. (2005). Electroencephalogram biofeedback for reading disability and traumatic brain injury. Child & Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 14(1), 137–162.
  • Walker, J. E., & Norman, C. A. (2006). The neurophysiology of dyslexia: A selective review with implications for neurofeedback remediation and results of treatment in twelve consecutive patients. Journal of Neurotherapy, 10(1), 45–55.

PTSD

  • (2016). A pilot study of neurofeedback for chronic PTSD. Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10484-015-9326-5
  • Bracciano, A.G., Chang, W-P., Kokesh, S. (2012). Cranial electrotherapy stimulation in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder: A pilot study of two military veterans. Journal of Neurotherapy.
  • Fragedakis, T.M., Toriello, P. (2014). The Development and experience of combat-related PTSD: a demand for neurofeedback as an effective form of treatment. Journal of Counseling & Development, 92(4), 481–488. doi: 10.1002/j.1556-6676.2014.00174.x
  • Gapen, M., van der Kolk, B. A., Hamlin, E., Hirshberg, L., Suvak, M., Spinazzola J., Kluetsch, R. C., Ros, T., Theberge, J., Frewen, P. A., Calhoun, V. D., Schmahl C., …Lanius, R. A. (2014). Plastic modulation of PTSD resting-state networks and subjective wellbeing by EEG neurofeedback. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 130(2), 123–136. doi: 10.1111/acps.12229
  • Peniston, E. G., & Kulkosky, P. J. (1991). Alpha-theta brainwave neurofeedback therapy for Vietnam veterans with combat-related post-traumatic stress disorder. Medical Psychotherapy, 4, 47–60.
  • Putman, J. (2000). The effects of brief, eyes-open alpha brain wave training with audio and video relaxation induction on the EEG of 77 Army reservists. Journal of Neurotherapy, 4(1), 17–28.

Reiter, K., Andersen, S. B., Carlsson, J. (2016). Neurofeedback treatment and posttraumatic stress disorder: effectiveness of neurofeedback on posttraumatic stress disorder and the optimal choice of protocol. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 204(2), 69-77. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/NMD.0000000000000418

Sleep

  • Bell, J. S. (1979). The use of EEG theta biofeedback in the treatment of a patient with sleep-onset insomnia. Biofeedback & Self Regulation, 4(3), 229–236.
  • Buckelew, S., Degood, D., Taylor, J. (2013). Neuroflexibility and sleep onset insomnia among college students: Implication for neurotherapy. Journal of Neurotherapy.
  • Hammond, D. C. (2012). Neurofeedback treatment of restless legs syndrome and periodic leg movements in sleep. Journal of Neurotherapy.
  • Hoedlmoser, K., Pecherstorfer, T., Gruber, E., Anderer, P., Doppelmayr, M., Klimesch, W., & Schabus, M. (2008). Instrumental conditioning of human sensorimotor rhythm (12–15 Hz) and its impact on sleep as well as declarative learning. Sleep, 31(10), 1401–1408.
  • Sterman, M. B., Howe, R. D., & Macdonald, L. R. (1970). Facilitation of spindle-burst sleep by conditioning of electroencephalographic activity while awake. Science, 167, 1146–1148.

OCD

  • Hammond, D. C. (2003). QEEG-guided neurofeedback in the treatment of obsessive compulsive disorder. Journal of Neurotherapy, 7(2), 25–52.
  • Mills, G. K., & Solyom, L. (1974). Biofeedback of EEG alpha in the treatment of obsessive ruminations: An exploration. Journal of Behaviour Therapy & Experimental Psychiatry, 5, 37–41.
  • Sürmeli, T., Ertem A. (2011). Obsessive compulsive disorder and the efficacy of qEEG-guided neurofeedback treatment: a case series. Clinical EEG Neuroscience Journal, 42(3), 195–201.

Stress & Burnout

  • Donaldson, C. C. S., Sella, G. E., & Mueller, H. H. (1998). Fibromyalgia: A retrospective study of 252 consecutive referrals. Canadian Journal of Clinical Medicine, 5(6), 116127.
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